Obraz zdravotního postižení v českém hraném filmu

Abstract

Příspěvek je zaměřen na re/prezentaci osob se zdravotním postižením v českém hraném filmu v letech 1898–1993. Bylo využito přístupu faktografické rešerše, která byla realizována pro- střednictvím obsahové analýzy s cílem sestavit, dohledat, analyzovat asumarizovat českéhranéfilmy s tematikou zdravotního postižení v rozmezí výše uvedeného období. Součástí příspěvku je seznam filmů daného období s tematikou zdravotního postižení. V českém hraném filmu let 1898–1993 výrazně převládá obraz tělesného postižení nad ostatními kategoriemi (druhy) zdravotního postižení. Re/prezentace mentálního postižení se ve filmu objevuje až od šedesátých let 20. století a od sedmdesátých let výrazně stoupá četnost re/prezentace dané tematiky. Snímky jsou převážně podřízeny žánru dramatu, příběhu či psychologického filmu. Jejich názvy v mnoha případech od- kazují na nepříjemné či smutné události

To identify, analyse, summarise and then compile a list of Czech feature films involving the theme of health disability in the period 1898–1993. To dis- cover: 1. the frequency of the depiction of disability in Czech feature films of the period 1898–1993 (on the basis of fulfillment of criteria for the selection); 2. the gender breakdown of characters with disabilities appearing in the main roles of individual films; 3. the frequency of the depiction of disability in Czech featurefilms of the period 1898–1993 in terms of individual defined categories (kinds) of health disability; 4. the frequency of the representation of depictions of disa- bility in Czech feature films of the period 1898–1993 (on the basis of fulfillment of the criteria for selection) in the individual decades of the analysed period and in the 1st and 2nd half of the 20th century, and the genre assigned to individual films. Methodology: The research method chosen was source research conducted through content analysis. The criteria for the selection of films were as follows: A leading character in the film is a character with a health disability and/or the theme of the film significantly represents the life of a person with a health disability. The disability depicted in the film is permanent or longterm in nature, and it explicitly follows in the individual content of the plot that it has a major effect on the relationship of the person with the disability to his/her social environment. Results: List of films with the theme of health disability in the period 1898– 1993. The frequency of depiction of health disability in Czech feature films of the period is 2.3 % (n = 59). In most cases, i.e. 70.3% of cases (n = 45), the leading character with a disability is male. Here the picture of physical disability stron- gly predominates over the other categories (kinds) of health problem it appears in 62.3% (n = 38). The re/presentation of mental disability-illness appears only as late as from the 1960s and it becomes a markedly more frequent theme from the 1970s. The films concerned are mainly subject to the genre of drama, story or psychological film. In many cases their titles refer to unpleasant or sad events. Conclusion: Films are one of the main public sources of information. This raises the possibility of exploring the relationship between the “reality” that they present and the actual facts, and the extent to which the process of watching films with the theme of health disabilities can influence attitudes to people with these disabilities. All the films that re/present people with disabilities to some extent help to create the social picture of these people, which need not accord with reality.