Specifika rodin dětí s hyperkinetickou poruchou a kvalita života jejich matek

Abstract

Anotace: Článek informuje čtenáře o specifikách rodin vychovávajících děti s hyperkinetickým syn- dromem (dále HKS). Nejprve charakterizuje hyperkinetické poruchy v porovnání s poruchou pozor- nosti s hyperaktivitou (dále ADHD). Zabývá se otázkou zjištění a přidělení diagnózy HKS u dítěte a identifikací rodičů s touto skutečností. Zdůrazňuje důležitost rolí obou rodičů pro zdárnou výchovu dětí s HKS, upozorňuje však i na úskalí ve výchově dané neporozuměním obtíží, ale i diskutabilním přístupem rodičů k sourozencům dítěte s HKS. Ve výzkumné části se pak zaměřuje na subjektiv- ní vnímání kvality života matek pečujících o děti s HKS, a to matek svobodných a rozvedených (výzkumná skupina) a matek vdaných (kontrolní skupina). Výsledky výzkumu dosažené analýzou dat sebraných prostřednictvím metody SEIQoL potvrzují hypotézu, že matky z výzkumné skupiny vnímají horší kvalitu svého života ve srovnání se skupinou kontrolní. Text vychází z výzkumného projektu SGS TU v Liberci 2013 č. 58008 Faktory determinující intervenci dětí s ADHD.

Starting from theory the text characterises hyperactivity disorders in the context of the evolution of the terminology of these disorders since 1890. It identifies the symptoms of these disorders as part of the ontogenesis of the human individual limited by uneven maturation of his brain. It draws attention to the connection between the way in which parents cope with the specifics of an ADHD diagnosis of their child and the fact that this dis- ability is not obvious as compared to many others. It highlights the impor- tance of the role of father and mother in participation in the upbringing of a child with this problem. It points out the pitfalls for adults involved in upbringing which are caused by a lack of understanding of the basis of ADHD problems, and also the danger of failure to identify the problems of the siblings of affected children. These too have to come to terms with ex- pressions of ADHD in their brother or sister and need support from their parents in creating their own identity. The authors’ own exploratory research project presented in this study is up-to-date and addresses the theme of hyperactivity syndrome from a new point of view, which has not yet been taken up and considered in detail in this country. It is about the subjectively perceived quality of life, investigated by the method known as SEIQoL (Schedule for the Evalu- ation of Individual Quality of Life) among single mothers bringing up children with ADHD as compared to mothers living with partners. It was therefore more focussed than simply assessment of the quality of life of whole families. The research involved two groups of respondents. In the research group there were 30 single or divorced mothers, and in the con- trol group 18 mothers living and bringing up their child with ADHD in a complete family. An analysis of the data gathered showed that the married women with children with ADHD had a higher quality of life than single women with children with the same diagnosis. This was a statistically significant find- ing (t = 2.07*, p ≤ 0.05). As a part of subjective satisfaction with life financial security turned out to be an important factor for the single woman – at a 5% level of significance. If we look at the control group of married mothers, by contrast, the cor- relation between quality of life and level of financial means is statistically insignificant (r = 0.11). We can deduce that this is caused by the lower level of worry about the material security of the family among mothers from the control group, since their partners will be making a substantial contribution to the budget. This finding corresponds for example with the claim of Marhánková (2011, p. 3), that single mothers (regardless of whether they are bringing up a child with a disability or an intact child), are in present economic conditions more at risk of poverty. Similarly, Holmback et al (1995) high- light the fact that single mothers have bigger problems harmonising per- sonal and work life. The relatively small number of respondents and ADHD diagnosis of their children sets a limit on the conclusions to be drawn from the study. The survey has provided initial results for further research in his area. Because the study opens up new directions, the theme of single mothers bringing up children with ADHD should be explored further. One possible way for- ward is to investigate the connections between the characteristics of moth- ers of children with ADHD, such as degrees of determination or psycho- logical instability/stability and their overall life satisfaction in the contexts of the educational results of their children with ADHD the resilience of their children or the degree of the latter’s educational difficulties.