Podpora mladých lidí při volbě povolání se zaměřením na jugendcoaching, formu podpory v Rakousku

Abstract

Při volbě budoucího povolání a profesního vzdělávání potřebují mladí lidé často pomoc. Tu jim vedle rodičů poskytují učitelé, poradenští pracovníci na školách i mimo školu. U řady mla- dých lidí znesnadňuje volbu vhodné profese postižení nebo sociální znevýhodnění. Součástí tohoto textu jsou závěry výzkumu, jehož cílem bylo zjistit aktuální stav v oblasti volby profese a poraden- ství. Stěžejní pozornost je věnována kvalitativní analýze podpůrných opatření při volbě budoucího povolání v Rakousku, zejména novému opatření s názvem Jugendcoaching. V roce 2012 byl pilotně ověřován ve dvou spolkových zemích (Vídeň, Štýrsko), od roku 2013 je nabízen v celé zemi.

Most young people need help in making their choice of future professional and professional training. This is provided by parents, but also teachers, advisors and friends. Support at the end of basic education is necessary to ensure continuity of education and increase every person’s chances on the employment market. Some young people are at risk of ending their education prematurely, while others need help to be able to choose a suitable profession and mode of professional education and training. Disability or social disadvantage may have a considerable effect on choice of profession, and on available options. In Austria there are a range of measures supposed to help people with disabilities integrate onto the job market. They include Jugendcoaching, assistance in occu- pational education, work assistance, job coaching and assistance services in the workplace. Jugendcoaching (coaching for the young) is a new measure. In 2012 it was first offered in two federal lands (Vienna, Styria) and since 2013 it has been available throughout the country. The main goal of the support is, “to plan useful further steps on the basis of the strong sides and capabilities of the young person and so facilitate a successful transition to future working life.” (www.neba.at). The support is intended for young people with disabilities, but also young people with a socially disadvantaged background, i.e. everyone disadvantaged on the job market and in professional/occupational training. The process of support is divided into three levels and is based on the idea that not everyone needs everything. In the first phase it is a matter of provision of basic information, and in the second and third a matter of a long-term process of consultation and accompaniment. This division was judged appropriate on the first evaluation, making it possible for a more tailored approach to individual needs, but evaluation also indicated the need for modifications in the planning assumptions, which pre-set the numbers of clients to whom support could be pro- vided in the different phases of the process, since in the pilot year the number of clients who needed support at levels 2 and 3 already exceeded the planned numbers. Jugendcoaching differs from earlier clearing measures in the expansion of the target group (to include the socially disadvantaged, where there is a major perceived need for support), by the extension of the period of support to a full year, and by the possibility of return to the process. In evaluation of the pilot scheme central factors in the success of support emerged as co-operation with parents, the need additionally to tackle problems connected with the personal life of the young person in a certain environment, and the effort to make the best possible use of the whole potential of the family.