Analýza úrovně čtení s porozuměním žáků s kochleárním implantátem

Abstract

Příspěvek se zabývá problematikou čtení s porozuměním žáků s kochleárním implantá- tem. Ke zjištění stavu čtení s porozuměním žáků s kochleárním implantátem v základních školách hlavního vzdělávacího proudu i v základních školách pro sluchově postižené byl použit neverbál- ní Kaufmanův subtest 16 Čtení/porozumění, který je standardizován pro populaci 7−12,5letých žáků. Výsledky měření tohoto subtestu byly analyzovány. Z analýzy vyplynulo, že tři čtvrtiny žáků s kochleárním implantátem vykazují určitý deficit ve čtení s porozuměním oproti jejich slyšícím vrstevníkům, což jsou zjištění ekvivalentní s mnohými zahraničními výzkumy, které navíc pouka- zují na rostoucí problémy s náročností textů na středních školách.

The article concerns the issue of reading with understanding among pupils with cochlear implants. The non-verbal Kaufman reading/understanding sub-test, standardised for a population of 7–12.5 year-old pupils, was used to identify the state of reading with understanding among pupils with cochlear implant in or- dinary primary schools and primary schools for children with impaired hearing. The results of measurement using this sub-test were analysed and showed that three quarters of pupils with cochlear implant had a certain deficit in reading with understanding as compared to their contemporaries with normal hearing. This finding was consistent with the results of many foreign studies, which also draw attention to growing problems with pupils’ capacity to cope with more difficult texts at middle (secondary) schools). Keywords: cochlear implant/implantation, child/pupil/user of cochlear implant, reading with understanding, ordinary primary school, primary school for those with hearing disabilities. Methodological and Didactic Articles. KRCHOVÁ, A. The Method of Flowing Reading (Sfumato) Can also be Used in Basic Practical Schools. The article considers the basic current methods of teaching reading in the Czech Re- public with a detailed description of the sfumato method (method of flowing reading). The author describes the method from both the theoretical and practical perspec- tive. She gives a detailed account of the procedures involved in this method of teaching reading, and shares with readers some of her numerous experiences with teaching by this method. She also mentions correlations with the teaching of writ- ing. An overview of teaching materials is presented, and the author draws atten- tion to the spread of sfumato methods into other teaching subjects. She reflects on everything necessary for successful teaching using this method, above all as regards communication with colleagues and school management, but also with the parents of the pupils. In the final section this elementary school teacher de- scribes both the benefits and pitfalls that she has experienced with pupils when using the method.