http://dspace.specpeda.cz/handle/0/1540 2026-04-20T03:49:13Z http://dspace.specpeda.cz/handle/0/1560 Úvahy o (zejména ekologické) výchově Pecina, Pavel 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.specpeda.cz/handle/0/1557 Podpora mladých lidí při volbě povolání se zaměřením na jugendcoaching, formu podpory v Rakousku Procházková, Lucie Při volbě budoucího povolání a profesního vzdělávání potřebují mladí lidé často pomoc. Tu jim vedle rodičů poskytují učitelé, poradenští pracovníci na školách i mimo školu. U řady mla- dých lidí znesnadňuje volbu vhodné profese postižení nebo sociální znevýhodnění. Součástí tohoto textu jsou závěry výzkumu, jehož cílem bylo zjistit aktuální stav v oblasti volby profese a poraden- ství. Stěžejní pozornost je věnována kvalitativní analýze podpůrných opatření při volbě budoucího povolání v Rakousku, zejména novému opatření s názvem Jugendcoaching. V roce 2012 byl pilotně ověřován ve dvou spolkových zemích (Vídeň, Štýrsko), od roku 2013 je nabízen v celé zemi.; Most young people need help in making their choice of future professional and professional training. This is provided by parents, but also teachers, advisors and friends. Support at the end of basic education is necessary to ensure continuity of education and increase every person’s chances on the employment market. Some young people are at risk of ending their education prematurely, while others need help to be able to choose a suitable profession and mode of professional education and training. Disability or social disadvantage may have a considerable effect on choice of profession, and on available options. In Austria there are a range of measures supposed to help people with disabilities integrate onto the job market. They include Jugendcoaching, assistance in occu- pational education, work assistance, job coaching and assistance services in the workplace. Jugendcoaching (coaching for the young) is a new measure. In 2012 it was first offered in two federal lands (Vienna, Styria) and since 2013 it has been available throughout the country. The main goal of the support is, “to plan useful further steps on the basis of the strong sides and capabilities of the young person and so facilitate a successful transition to future working life.” (www.neba.at). The support is intended for young people with disabilities, but also young people with a socially disadvantaged background, i.e. everyone disadvantaged on the job market and in professional/occupational training. The process of support is divided into three levels and is based on the idea that not everyone needs everything. In the first phase it is a matter of provision of basic information, and in the second and third a matter of a long-term process of consultation and accompaniment. This division was judged appropriate on the first evaluation, making it possible for a more tailored approach to individual needs, but evaluation also indicated the need for modifications in the planning assumptions, which pre-set the numbers of clients to whom support could be pro- vided in the different phases of the process, since in the pilot year the number of clients who needed support at levels 2 and 3 already exceeded the planned numbers. Jugendcoaching differs from earlier clearing measures in the expansion of the target group (to include the socially disadvantaged, where there is a major perceived need for support), by the extension of the period of support to a full year, and by the possibility of return to the process. In evaluation of the pilot scheme central factors in the success of support emerged as co-operation with parents, the need additionally to tackle problems connected with the personal life of the young person in a certain environment, and the effort to make the best possible use of the whole potential of the family. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.specpeda.cz/handle/0/1555 Vybrané aspekty tréninkového procesu spastických atletů kategorie t38 Šteklová, Petra; Strnad, Pavel V článku shrnujeme ve vybraných aspektech naše desetileté zkušenosti s atletickým tré- ninkem spastické atletky třídy T38 na úrovni reprezentace ČR (souhrn z let 2002−2012). Člá- nek přináší informace o realizaci tréninku způsobem, jakým lze minimalizovat negativní dopady na zdravotní stav sportovce. Snaží se ukázat cestu, jak uvážlivým tréninkovým působením pod- pořit snahu fyzioterapeutů o udržení funkčnosti pohybového aparátu v mezích daných spastickým postižením. Článek se dotýká také tělovýchovy spastiků a snaží se motivovat učitele tělesné výchovy k práci se spasticitou postiženými žáky.; Movement education is undoubtedly a very important factor for the mainte- nance, and improvement of the functional state of every human organism, but all the more so for an organism with a health disability. Sports training may be included in the category of movement education, but it is important that it should be in the hands of a wise trainer who is not interested only in performance but in the whole development of the personality of the person with the health disabil- ity. In this context performance plays a mainly motivational role, which leads to concrete improvement in sports, with results that are then transferable to other creative activities as well. In our paper, in addition to information about athletics training, health classifications for athletic competitions and so forth, we also offer readers examples of the compensatory exercises that ought always to be part of athletics training, in our case of sportsmen and women with a physical disability. With activities of this kind we round off a comprehensive integrated approach to physical education, based on cooperation with physiotherapists and so ensuring efforts to achieve and maintain the best possible state of health in the sportsper- son, here an athlete with disability. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.specpeda.cz/handle/0/1554 Analýza dát v single-subject design Šulovská, Monika V príspevku predstavujeme single-subject research (výskum s jedným subjektom), ktorý je podľa viacerých autorov vysoko validnou a reliabilnou metodológiou. Single-subject research zohráva dôležitú úlohu v rozvíjaní praxe založenej na dôkazoch v špeciálnej pedagogike. Analý- zou informačných zdrojov sme zistili, že metodológia je využívaná aj odborníkmi ďalších vedných disciplín (psychológia, sociálna práca, medicína), a to najmä v krajinách USA (najmä Texas), Španielsku, Turecku, Nórsku a Spojenom kráľovstve. V príspevku sa venujeme tradičným konvenciám vizuálneho posudzovania single-subject dát. Venujeme sa v ňom aj kontroverznej téme – štatistickej analýze single-subject dát. Je stále viac metodologickej literatúry, ktorá sa venuje výhodám a nevýhodám podrobovania single-subject dát testom štatistickej inferencie. Zatiaľ neexistuje konsenzus o relatívnych výhodách a nevýhodách štatistického spracovania single-subject dát, my však v prípade aplikovaného výskumu odporúča- me kombinované použitie vizuálnej analýzy a určitého kvantitatívneho spracovania dát, pretože od vedcov pôsobiacich v praxi sa čoraz viac vyžaduje mandát na výkon praxe podopretý dôkazmi.; In this article we present the methodology known as Single-Subject Research, which several authors consider a highly valid and reliable methodology. Single- subject research plays an important role in the development of evidence-based practice in special education. Through the analysis of information data we found that this methodology is exploited by experts in other scientific disciplines too (psychology, social work, medicine) and mainly in countries such as the USA (Texas), Spain, Turkey, Norway and the United Kingdom. In this article we dis- cuss the traditional conventions of visual inspection used by researchers for dec- ades to evaluate single-subject data, as well as the controversial topic of statistical analysis of single-subject data. A growing methodological literature has been ad- dressing the advantages and disadvantages of submitting single-subject data to test of statistical inference. Although no consensus exists regarding the relative advantages and disadvantages of statistical treatment of single-subject data, we recommend the combination of visual inspection and some quantitative treat- ment of data in applied research, because researchers are increasingly called on support their conclusions with quantitative evidence. 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z